Section 5.92.111. Intensive Management Plans I.

	(a)  Plans established. Intensive management plans for the following areas are established in this section:  
		(1) Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area;  
		(2) Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area.  
	(b)  Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this title, and based on the following information contained in this subsection, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee may conduct a wolf population reduction or wolf population regulation program in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area:  
		(1) the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area is established to facilitate growth in the Northern Alaska Peninsula (NAP) caribou herd on the mainland portions of Units 9(C) and 9(E) to aid in achieving intensive management objectives in an area encompassing approximately 19,461 square miles (50,403 square kilometers); the wolf reduction area includes all Alaska Peninsula drainages south of the south bank of the Naknek River and the southern boundary of Katmai National Park to a line from the southernmost head of Port Moller Bay to the head of American Bay, encompassing approximately 10,734 square miles (27,802 square kilometers);  
		(2) the discussion of wildlife populations and human use information is as follows:  
			(A) prey population information is as follows:  
				(i) the NAP was estimated at 20,000 caribou in the 1940s and again in the 1980s, but has declined to fewer than 3,000 caribou since the last peak population size; the most recent estimate of herd size was 2,000 - 2,500 caribou based on surveys conducted in October 2009;  
				(ii) the initial decline in population size was attributed to nutritional limitations imposed by a depleted range following the peak in the 1980s; parasites and disease were also suspected to have had a negative influence on the herd's status;  
				(iii) predator management was considered previously, but was not implemented because nutritional indices indicated that individuals of this herd were experiencing nutritional limitations that might be further aggravated by any attempts to increase herd size; indications of improved condition at this time include increased pregnancy rates, increased neonate weights, and increased calf weights; these changes alone have been insufficient to alter herd status;  
				(iv) pregnancy rates of cows that were 24 months of age or older increased from 57 percent in 2005 (n=315) to 84 percent in 2009 (n=104);  
				(v) birthmass of calves increased during the period of 2005 - 2007; birthmass of male calves increased from 7.7 kg in 2005 (n=26) to 8.0 kg in 2006 (n=19) and 8.6 kg in 2007 (n=28); female calves born in 2005 weighed 7.8 kg (n=15), 7.3 kg in 2006 (n=30), and 8.0 kg in 2007 (n=22);  
				(vi) female calves captured at 10 months of age weighed 49.9 kg in 2005 and 56.7 kg in 2007; however the small sample size precludes statistical comparison;   
				(vii) research into calf mortality documented survival rates during the first two months of life that averaged 14 percent during the period of  2005 - 2007 (n=143), which was significantly lower than survival rates observed in several other herds studied in the state; survival during the first two weeks of life has averaged 40 percent and survival from two weeks to two months averaged 34 percent; cause of death during the first two weeks of life was primarily attributed to wolves (43 percent) and brown bears (31 percent); cause of death could not be assessed after calves reached two weeks of life due to logistic limitations;  
				(viii) calf-to-cow ratios in October averaged 10.3 calves per 100 cows during the period of 2003 - 2009 (range 7 - 16);   
				(ix) bull-to-cow ratios declined to 19 bulls per 100 cows during the period of 2004 - 2009 despite hunting closures in 2005;  
				(x) harvestable surplus is estimated to be 0 caribou based on chronic poor calf recruitment and reduced bull-to-cow ratio;  
				(xi) high levels of consumptive use have been a priority for the NAP; from 1990 - 1998, an average of 724 people reported hunting caribou, harvesting an average of 716 caribou annually; before the closure harvest was regulated under the Tier II permit system since 1999;  
				(xii) state and federal caribou hunts were closed in 2005 due to the continued population decline and low calf recruitment; the closure remains in place as of 2010;  
			(B) the predator population and human use information is as follows:  
				(i) wolves are a major predator of caribou on the Alaska Peninsula;  
				(ii) research into the causes of caribou calf mortality indicates that wolves are typically responsible for 43 percent of the calf deaths during the first two weeks of life;  
				(iii) wolf density in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area is estimated at seven wolves per 1,000 square kilometers; anecdotal evidence obtained from biologists, pilots, trappers, and local residents indicates that wolves are abundant throughout the area;  
				(iv) in 2008, the wolf population in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area was estimated to include 200 - 300 wolves and composed of 30 - 50 packs based on habitat type and prey base;  
				(v) an average of 24 wolves (range of 7 - 50 wolves) have been harvested annually in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area;  
				(vi) brown bears are an important predator of caribou on the Alaska Peninsula; while brown bears have been known to kill adult caribou opportunistically, brown bears are an effective predator of calves during the first 10 days of life;  
				(vii) research into the causes of caribou calf mortality indicates that brown bears are typically responsible for 31 percent of the calf deaths during the first two weeks of life;   
				(viii) brown bears are considered abundant throughout the Alaska Peninsula; densities range from 100 - 150 bears per 1,000 square kilometers in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area;  
				(ix) brown bear harvests in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area have averaged 179 brown bear annually from 2000 - 2007;  
		(3) predator and prey population levels and objectives and the basis for those objectives are as follows:  
			(A) the intensive management population objective established by the board for the NAP is 6,000 - 15,000 caribou; the intensive management harvest objective is 600 - 1,500 caribou annually; population and harvest objectives have not been met for 15 years; intensive management objectives were established by the board based on historic information regarding population numbers, habitat limitations, human use, and sustainable harvests; the estimated NAP population in October 2009 was 2,000 - 2,500 caribou; hunting seasons for the NAP were closed in July 2005; no legal harvest of caribou has occurred for the NAP since the 2004 regulatory year;  
			(B) the wolf population objective for Unit 9 is to maintain a wolf population that can sustain a three-year-annual harvest of 50 wolves; the wolf population objective for Unit 9 is currently being met;  
			(C) the brown bear population objective for Unit 9 is to maintain a high density bear population with a sex and age structure that can sustain a harvest composed of 60 percent males, with 50 males eight years of age or older during combined fall and spring seasons; the brown bear population objective for Unit 9 is currently being met;  
		(4) justification, objectives, and thresholds for the management plan are as follows:  
			(A) justification for the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area is based on the board decision to designate the NAP as important for providing high levels of human consumptive use; the board established objectives for population size and annual sustained harvest of caribou in Units 9(C) and 9(E) consistent with multiple use and principles of sound conservation and management of habitat and all wildlife species in the area;  
			(B) the objectives of the program are to achieve a sex and age structure that will sustain the population, provide for human harvest, and allow for population growth toward objectives; the goal of this program is to reduce the number of wolves in a specified wolf reduction area that demonstrates a history of repeated use by caribou; the wolf reduction area is defined as all lands that drain into the Bering Sea between the southern bank of the Naknek River in Unit 9(C) and Port Moller Bay in Unit 9(E), encompassing 10,734 square miles (27,802 square kilometers);  
			(C) the commissioner may initiate the reduction of wolf numbers in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area according to the following thresholds:  
				(i) the caribou population is below intensive management objectives established by the board and caribou harvest objectives are not being met;  
				(ii) nutrition is not considered to be the primary factor limiting caribou population growth; and  
				(iii) calf recruitment is an important factor limiting population growth and calf survival during the first four weeks of life is less than 50 percent;  
			(D) the commissioner may continue to reduce wolf numbers in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management area until the following thresholds can be met without the benefit of wolf reduction:  
				(i) the bull-to-cow ratio can be sustained within management objectives and the fall calf-to-cow ratio can be sustained above 25 calves per 100 cows;  
				(ii) the population can grow at a sustained rate of five percent annually; or  
				(iii) harvest objectives can be met;  
			(E) the commissioner must suspend the wolf reduction program if any of the following conditions are observed, pending further review by the board, to determine if the program can be modified to achieve the objectives of this program before reinstating the program, except that hunting and trapping by the public specified in other sections of this title may continue and are not subject to this subparagraph:  
				(i) caribou nutritional indices, as evidenced by pregnancy rates, calf or adult body mass, or other condition indices, exhibit a declining trend from current values;  
				(ii) fall calf-to-cow ratios remain below 20 calves per 100 cows for three consecutive years following the initiation of the wolf reduction program; or  
				(iii) the bull-to-cow ratio remains below the caribou population objectives and does not increase for three consecutive years following the initiation of the wolf reduction program; or  
				(iv) the survival rate of calves born in the wolf reduction area is not significantly increased as a direct result of the wolf reduction activities;  
			(F) the wolf predation management objective for the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area is to reduce the wolf numbers in the wolf reduction area within Units 9(C) and 9(E); because wolves will not be removed from all lands within the management area and because logistic limitations prohibit public access to the majority of lands within the management area, the majority of wolves in Unit 9(C) and 9(E) will not be affected by the management activities authorized by this plan; reduction of predators by humans is necessary to achieve a sex and age structure that will sustain the herd, provide for human harvest, and allow for the caribou population to increase toward objectives; reduction of wolf numbers in prescribed wolf reduction areas is expected to increase caribou calf survival and recruitment and increase the bull-to-cow ratio to management objectives; reduction of bear numbers remains problematic due to the high density of brown bears in Units 9(C) and 9(E), logistical limitations, and competing management priorities for brown bears;  
		(5) the authorized methods and means used to take wolves are as follows:   
			(A) hunting and trapping of wolves by the public in treatment areas during the term of the management program may occur as provided in the hunting and trapping regulations set out elsewhere in this title, including the use of motorized vehicles as provided in 5 AAC 92.080;  
			(B) the commissioner may issue public aerial shooting permits, public land and shoot permits, or ground-based shooting permits, allow agents of the state, or department employees to conduct aerial, land and shoot, or ground-based shooting as a method of wolf removal under AS 16.05.783, including the use of any type of aircraft;  
			(C) the commissioner may authorize the use of state employees or agents or state owned, privately owned, or chartered equipment, including helicopters, as a method of wolf removal under AS 16.05.783;  
		(6) the anticipated time frame and schedule for update and reevaluation are as follows:  
			(A) for up to 10 years beginning July 1, 2010, the commissioner may reduce the wolf populations in the Northern Alaska Peninsula Predation Management Area;  
			(B) annually the department shall, to the extent practicable, provide to the board a report of program activities conducted during the preceding 12 months, including implementation activities, the status of caribou and wolf populations, and recommendations for changes, if necessary to achieve the objectives of the plan;  
		(7) other specifications that the board considers necessary:  
			(A) the commissioner shall suspend wolf reduction activities  
				(i) when prey population management objectives are obtained;  
				(ii) when predation management objectives are met; or  
				(iii) upon expiration of the period during which the commissioner is authorized to reduce wolf numbers in the wolf reduction areas;  
			(B) the commissioner shall annually close wolf hunting and trapping seasons as appropriate to ensure that the minimum wolf population objectives for Unit 9 are met.  
	(c)  Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this title, and based on the following information contained in this subsection, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee may conduct a wolf population reduction or wolf population regulation program in the range of the Mulchatna Caribou Herd in Units 9(B), 17(B), 17(C), 19(A), and 19(B):  
		(1) the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area is established to increase the Mulchatna Caribou Herd (MCH) within Units 9(B), 17(B), 17(C), 19(A), and 19(B) to aid in achieving intensive management objectives; the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area encompasses approximately 39,683 square miles; the active control area will be confined to a 10,000 square mile area that includes approximately 25 percent of the management area and encompasses the calving grounds of the MCH;  
		(2) the discussion of wildlife populations and human use information is as follows:  
			(A) MCH population and human use information is as follows:  
				(i) the MCH was estimated to contain 14,231 caribou in October 1974; increased to 200,000 caribou by 1996; and declined to between 30,000 and 40,000 caribou by 2008;  
				(ii) nutritional limitations are not currently implicated as a factor affecting the current status of the MCH;  
				(iii) from 2000 - 2005, an average of 73 percent of radiocollared cows that were 36 months of age or older exhibited signs of pregnancy; from 2006 - 2010, an average of 75 percent of radiocollared cows that were 36 months of age or older exhibited signs of pregnancy;  
				(iv) October calf-to-cow ratios from surveys conducted from 1974 through 1999 averaged 43.5 calves per 100 cows (range 14.1 - 64.5); calf-to-cow ratios from surveys conducted from 2000 - 2010 averaged 22.8 calves per 100 cows (range 15.8 - 31.0);  
				(v) fall caribou calf recruitment is lower than expected based on the observed calf production; the department will conduct a caribou calf mortality study in May 2011 to estimate calf survival rates and causes of caribou calf death;  
				(vi) October bull-to-cow ratios from surveys conducted from 1974 - 1999 averaged 48.6 bulls per 100 cows (range 14.1 - 64.5); bull-to-cow ratios from surveys conducted from 2000 - 2010 averaged 21.2 bulls per 100 cows (range 15.8 - 31.0);  
				(vii) the harvestable surplus is estimated to be 1,050 caribou in 2010;  
				(viii) the intensive management population objective established by the board for the MCH is 30,000 - 80,000 caribou; the intensive management harvest objective is 2,400 - 8,000 caribou annually;  
				(ix) reported human harvest from the MCH was 4,770 caribou in 1998; estimates of reported and unreported harvest suggest that actual harvest may have exceeded 10,000 caribou during some years in the mid-1990s; annual reported human harvest has declined continually since 1998; reported harvests declined from 4,467 caribou in 1999 to 309 caribou in 2009; reported human harvest between 1999 and 2010 were not an important factor in the recent decline;  
			(B) the predator population and human use information is as follows:  
				(i) wolves are a major predator of caribou in the range of the MCH;  
				(ii) while no current aerial population survey data are available for the wolf population in Units 9(B), 17, and 19(B), recent anecdotal evidence obtained from pilots and local residents indicates that wolves are abundant throughout the area; the department intends to conduct surveys to estimate wolf abundance before implementing this predation reduction plan;  
				(iii) in 2008, the wolf population in Unit 9(B) was estimated at 60 - 90 wolves in 8 - 12 packs based on habitat type and prey base; in 2002, the Unit 17(B) population was 280 - 320 wolves in 16 - 22 packs and the Unit 17(C) population was 150 - 200 wolves in 10  - 16 packs; in 2006, the wolf population in Unit 19(A) was estimated at 107 - 115 wolves in 26 - 27 packs based on aerial surveys; the wolf population in Unit 19(B) was extrapolated based on surveys conducted in Units 19(A), 19(D), and 20(A), which resulted in a population estimate of 116 - 154 wolves in Unit 19(B);  
				(iv) since 2000, an average of 18 wolves (range of 8 - 36 wolves) have been harvested annually in Unit 9(B), an average of 39 wolves (range of 6 - 64 wolves) in Unit 17(B), an average of 32 wolves (range 1 - 64 wolves) in Unit 17(C), an average of 36 wolves (range 10 - 79 wolves) in Unit 19(A), and an average of 23 wolves (range 3 - 57 wolves) in Unit 19(B);  
				(v) research into the causes of caribou calf mortality indicate that wolves are a major predator of caribou calves in Southwest Alaska; research into the causes of caribou calf mortality on the Alaska Peninsula indicate that wolves are responsible for approximately 50 percent of calf deaths during the first two weeks of life;  
				(vi) brown bears are important predators of caribou in Southwest Alaska; while brown bears have been known to kill adult caribou opportunistically, brown bears are effective predators of calves during the first 10 days of life;  
				(vii) brown bears are abundant throughout the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area; spring brown bear density in Unit 9(B) was estimated at 50 brown bears per 1,000 square kilometers in May 2003; the brown bear density estimate for Unit 19 was extrapolated from research projects conducted in other areas, which resulted in an estimate of 20 brown bears per 1,000 square kilometers in Unit 19(A) and 75 brown bears per 1,000 square kilometers in Unit 19(B);  
				(viii) research into the causes of caribou calf mortality indicates that brown bears are typically responsible for up to 40 percent of the calf deaths during the first two weeks of life;  
		(3) predator and prey population levels and objectives and the basis for those objectives are as follows:  
			(A) the intensive management population objective established by the board for the MCH is 30,000 - 80,000 caribou; the intensive management harvest objective is 2,400 - 8,000 caribou annually; intensive management objectives were established by the board based on historic information regarding population numbers, habitat limitations, human use, and sustainable harvests;  
			(B) before July 1, 2011, wolf population objectives for Unit 9 were to maintain a wolf population that can sustain a three-year-annual harvest of 50 wolves; before July 1, 2011, wolf population objectives for Unit 17 were to maintain a wolf population that can sustain an annual harvest of at least 25 wolves; the wolf population control objective in the Unit 19(A) Predation Control Area is 30 - 36 wolves to reduce wolf predation on moose while ensuring the conservation of the wolves within the Unit 19(A) Predation Control Area; before July 1, 2011, the wolf population objective in Unit 19(B) was to provide for a sustained harvest of 30 percent from the combined wolf population in Unit 19, except where greater harvests are mandated by approved wolf predation control implementation plans;  
			(C) brown bear population objectives in Unit 9 are to maintain a high density bear population with a sex and age structure that can sustain a harvest composed of 60 percent males, with 50 males eight years of age or older during combined fall and spring seasons; brown bear population objectives for Unit 17 are to maintain a brown bear population that will sustain an annual harvest of 50 bears composed of at least 50 percent males; the brown bear population objective in Units 19, 21(A), and 21(E) is to sustain a mean annual harvest of no more than 100 bears with a minimum of 50 percent males in the harvest;  
		(4) justification, objectives, and thresholds for the predator management implementation plan are as follows:  
			(A) justification for the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area is based on the board decision to designate the MCH as being important for providing high levels of human consumptive use; the boundaries of the Mulchatna Caribou Predation Management Area correspond to the current range of the MCH within Units 9(B), 17(B), 17(C), 19(A), and 19(B); the board established the objectives for population size and annual sustained harvest of caribou in the herd's range consistent with multiple use and principles of sound conservation and management of habitat and all wildlife species in the area;  
			(B) the objective of the Mulchatna Caribou Predation Management Plan is to enhance the recovery of the MCH and to achieve a population sex and age structure that will sustain human harvests within the objectives established by the board for this herd; the goal of this program will be to reduce wolf numbers in the control area that encompasses the calving grounds of the MCH; the control area will be defined annually by the department based on previous caribou calving locations; the control area will be limited to 10,000 square miles which includes approximately 25 percent of the lands within the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area; because the management activities authorized by this plan are limited to the control area, the program will not affect all wolves within the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Management Area;  
			(C) the commissioner may initiate the reduction of wolf numbers in the control area within the range of the MCH according to the following thresholds:  
				(i) the caribou population is below intensive management population or harvest objectives;  
				(ii) nutrition is not considered the primary factor limiting caribou population growth; and  
				(iii) calf recruitment is the most important factor limiting population growth and calf survival during the first four weeks of life is less than 50 percent;  
			(D) the commissioner will suspend the wolf reduction program if the following conditions are observed pending further review by the board to determine if the program can be modified to achieve the objectives of this program before reinstating the program, except that hunting and trapping by the public specified in other sections of this title may continue and are not subject to this subparagraph:  
				(i) caribou nutritional indices, such as pregnancy rates, calf and adult body mass, or other condition indices, exhibit a declining trend from current values and the bull-to-cow ratio is greater than 20 bulls: 100 cows;  
				(ii) fall caribou calf ratios remain below 20 calves per 100 cows for three consecutive years of wolf removal from the control area;  
				(iii) the bull-to-cow ratio remains below the caribou population objectives and does not increase for three consecutive years of wolf removal from the control area;  
			(E) the commissioner may continue to reduce wolf numbers in the control area within the range of the MCH until the following thresholds are met without the benefit of wolf control:  
				(i) the bull-to-cow ratio can be sustained within management objectives and the fall calf-to-cow ratios can be sustained above 30 calves per 100 cows;  
				(ii) the population can grow at a sustained rate of five percent annually without the benefit of wolf control or caribou population objectives are met; or  
				(iii) caribou harvest objectives are met;  
			(F) the wolf population objective for the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area is to annually reduce the number of wolves to a level that results in increased calf survival in caribou calving areas within Units 9(B), 17(B), 17(C), 19(A), and 19(B);  
			(G) the department will utilize radiotelemetry, wolf surveys, or a combination of those methods to ensure that a viable wolf population persists outside of active treatment areas within the range of the MCH;  
			(H) reduction of predators by humans is necessary to promote recovery of the caribou population;  
			(I) reduction of wolf numbers in control areas defined by the seasonal distribution of caribou is expected to stop the caribou population decline;  
			(J) reduction of bear numbers remains unlikely due to the high density of brown bears in Units 9 and 17, logistical limitations, and competing management priorities; the reduction of bear numbers in Unit 19 is not required to increase caribou calf survival at this time based on research into the causes of caribou calf mortality conducted in Southwest Alaska, the lack of feasible methods to reduce bear predation on caribou, and the prior success of predation management plans that did not require a reduction in bear predation to increase caribou calf survival in other predation management areas in Southwest Alaska;  
		(5) the authorized methods and means used to take wolves are as follows:  
			(A) hunting and trapping of wolves by the public in treatment areas during the term of the management program may occur as provided in the hunting and trapping regulations set out elsewhere in this title, including the use of motorized vehicles as provided in 5 AAC 92.080; the board finds that the opportunity to harvest the amount necessary for subsistence will continue to be provided by allowing ongoing hunting and trapping of wolves;  
			(B) the commissioner may issue public aerial shooting permits, public land and shoot permits, allow agents of the state to conduct aerial shooting, or allow department employees to conduct aerial shooting as a method of wolf removal under AS 16.05.783, including the use of any type of aircraft;  
			(C) the commissioner may authorize the use of state employees or state-owned or charter equipment, including helicopters, as a method of wolf removal under AS 16.05.783;  
		(6) the anticipated time frame and schedule for update and reevaluation are as follows:  
			(A) through June 30, 2017, the commissioner may reduce the wolf populations in the Mulchatna Caribou Herd Predation Management Area;  
			(B) annually the department shall, to the extent practicable, provide to the board at the board's spring meeting a report of program activities conducted during the preceding 12 months, including implementation activities, the status of caribou, wolf, and brown bear populations, and recommendations for changes, if necessary to achieve the objectives of the plan;  
		(7) other specifications that the board considers necessary:  
			(A) the commissioner shall suspend wolf control activities  
				(i) when prey population management objectives are obtained;  
				(ii) when predation management objectives are met; or  
				(iii) upon expiration of the period during which the commissioner is authorized to reduce predator numbers in the predator control plan area;  
			(B) the commissioner shall annually close wolf hunting and trapping seasons as appropriate to ensure that the minimum wolf population objectives are met.  

Authorities

16.05.255;16.05.270;16.05.783;44.62.125

Notes

Reference

5 AAC 92.080

Authority

AS 16.05.255 AS 16.05.270 AS 16.05.783 Editor's note: As of Register 203 (October 2012), and acting under AS 44.62.125(b)(6), the regulations attorney made technical revisions to 5 AAC 92, replacing former 5 AAC 92.125 with smaller sections to facilitate printing of the regulations in the Alaska Administrative Code. As part of those revisions, material formerly set out in 5 AAC 92.125(m) and (o) was relocated to 5 AAC 92.111 without substantive change. The history note and authority citation for 5 AAC 92.111 carry forward the history of, and authority for, former 5 AAC 92.125.

History

Eff. 10/1/93, Register 127; am 8/18/95, Register 135; am 7/1/96, Register 138; add'l am 7/1/96, Register 138; am 7/27/97, Register 143; am 2/22/2000, Register 153; am 7/1/2000, Register 154; am 7/19/2000, Register 155; am 1/3/2001, Register 156; am 7/1/2001, Register 158; am 8/22/2001, Register 159; am 7/26/2003, Register 167; am 7/1/2004, Register 170; am 1/1/2005, Register 172; am 7/1/2005, Register 174; am 1/26/2006, Register 177; am 6/24/2006, Register 178; am 9/1/2006, Register 179; am 7/1/2007, Register 182; am 3/21/2008, Register 186; am 5/20/2008, Register 186; am 5/21/2009, Register 190; am 7/1/2009, Register 190; am 5/16/2010, Register 194; am 7/1/2010, Register 194; add'l am 7/1/2010, Register 194; am 12/15/2010, Register 196; am 1/29/2011, Register 197; am 5/14/2011, Register 198; am 7/1/2011, Register 198; am 3/24/2012, Register 201; am 4/1/2012, Register 201; am 7/1/2012, Register 202; am 7/1/2013, Register 206

References

5.92;5.92.125;5.92.111